Probate (formally a 'Grant of Probate' or 'Letters of Administration') is the legal authority to deal with a deceased person's estate. Most banks, investment companies and property registries require it before releasing assets.
When is probate needed?
Probate is usually needed when the estate includes: property, significant investments, or bank accounts holding over roughly £20,000 (threshold varies by institution). Assets held in joint names pass automatically to the surviving owner without probate.
How long does it take?
Applying for probate typically takes 6–8 weeks. Complex estates, those involving Inheritance Tax, or those subject to disputes can take much longer. The whole estate administration process — applying for probate, paying debts, distributing assets — typically takes 6–12 months.
Do you need a solicitor?
Straightforward estates can be handled without a solicitor using the government's online probate application (gov.uk/applying-for-probate). Complex estates — disputes, overseas assets, large Inheritance Tax liabilities — warrant professional help.