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Freelance finance: how to track income, expenses and tax

Freelance finances feel complicated until you have a simple system. Here is what you actually need to track, and how.

What to track monthly

Income (invoices sent and payments received), expenses (anything wholly for the business), and a tax set-aside (typically 20-25% of profit for income tax, plus Class 4 NI). Use our free freelance income tracker to record all three.

The tax set-aside rule

Every time you receive a payment, move 25% to a separate savings account immediately. Call it 'HMRC money' and do not touch it. Self-assessment in January then becomes an exercise in moving money rather than finding it.

Claimable expenses

Common legitimate expenses: software and subscriptions, equipment, home office costs (proportion of bills), phone (business use proportion), professional memberships, accountancy fees, marketing. Keep receipts and a note of the business purpose for each.

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Frequently asked questions

Do I need an accountant as a freelancer?
Not for simple sole trader income. A good accountant typically saves more than their fee for freelancers earning over ~£30,000, especially for tax planning. For simpler situations, HMRC's self-assessment is manageable with good records.
When is the self-assessment deadline?
31st January following the tax year end (5th April). File online by 31 January; pay by the same date.