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Dog training basics: positive reinforcement, recall and the commands that matter

Good dog training is not about dominance. It is about communication, consistency and reward timing.

The positive reinforcement method

Positive reinforcement (rewarding desired behaviour) is the most evidence-backed training method and produces better long-term outcomes than punishment or dominance-based methods (which increase anxiety and can cause aggression). The reward must come within 2 seconds of the desired behaviour for the dog to associate the two. High-value treats (chicken, cheese) are more effective than kibble for new commands.

The five commands every dog needs

Sit (foundation of all training), stay (safety), recall ('come' — the most important), down (calming and management), and leave it (safety). Train each in a distraction-free environment first, then gradually add distractions. 5-minute sessions twice daily produce better results than 20-minute marathon sessions. Use our free dog training log to track session-by-session progress.

Recall — the most important command

A reliable recall can prevent a dog from being hit by a car, attacked by another dog or lost. Train recall with the most exciting rewards you have. Never call your dog to you and then do something unpleasant (end a walk, give a bath) — this poisons the recall. If you need to end the walk, walk up to the dog, clip the lead, then reward lavishly. Pippa Mattinson's Total Recall (book and free online resources) is the best single UK resource on recall training.

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Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to train a dog to reliably sit?
3–5 days for initial acquisition (dog understands the command in training context); 2–4 weeks for generalisation (dog responds reliably in different environments with distractions). The gap between initial learning and reliable performance in real-world conditions is where most owners lose patience and conclude their dog 'won't learn'.
What age should dog training start?
From the day the puppy arrives home (typically 8 weeks). Puppies are in a critical socialisation window until 14–16 weeks — everything they experience shapes their adult behaviour. Basic training during this period is significantly easier than later. The first command to teach is name recognition and recall.