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Affirmations explained — how they work and how to use them

Affirmations are positive statements about yourself or your intentions, repeated deliberately to shift mindset and behaviour.

The research

Self-affirmation theory (Claude Steele, 1988) shows that affirming core values reduces stress responses and improves problem-solving under pressure. Affirmations work by activating the brain's reward system and reducing the threat response to challenging information.

What works and what doesn't

Affirmations that feel implausible can backfire for people with low self-esteem. More effective: process-based affirmations or values-based ones. The most effective affirmations are personal and specific.

How to use them

Read one each morning. Write them in the present tense. Use our free daily affirmation cards as a starting point.